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A Comprehensive Survey of Wireless Foundation Models for AI-Native 6G Networks
摘要
arXiv:2608.14694v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Foundation models are emerging as a transformative paradigm for AI-native sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks by enabling scalable, transferable, and data-efficient intelligence across diverse communication tasks. Unlike conventional deep learning models that are trained for individual applications, wireless foundation models (WFMs) learn generalized representations from large-scale heterogeneous wireless data and can be efficiently adapted to communication, sensing, localization, and network optimization tasks with minimal task-specific supervision. Despite rapid progress, current research remains fragmented across architectures, training paradigms, and application domains, with no unified survey dedicated to the design, learning, and deployment of WFMs. This survey presents a comprehensive and unified review of wireless foundation models. We first establish the fundamental concepts of WFMs and introduce a taxonomy that organizes the field according to model architectures, pre-training paradigms, and applications. We then review representative architectures, self-supervised pre-training strategies, parameter-efficient adaptation methods, datasets, benchmarks, and evaluation methodologies, highlighting their roles in enabling transferable wireless intelligence. Furthermore, we examine emerging applications spanning physical-layer signal processing, network intelligence, and cross-layer optimization, and discuss the key chal