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A Systematic Evaluation of the COTQ Provincial Land Cover Product: Structural Consistency, Spectral Separability, and Relative Positioning Against ESA, ESRI, and Google Products
摘要
arXiv:2609.17731v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: High-resolution land use and land cover (LULC) products derived from Sentinel-2 imagery are widely used for environmental monitoring and land management, yet their performance can vary across regions with complex ecological gradients and heterogeneous surface conditions. In Quebec, these limitations motivated the development of a provincial 10-m land-cover product, the COTQ, designed to support annual monitoring of land occupation and soil artificialisation. This study presents a systematic evaluation of the COTQ product relative to three global 10-m LULC datasets: ESA WorldCover, ESRI LandCover, and Google DynamicWorld. This paper does not introduce a new mapping methodology but focuses on analysing the behaviour and consistency of the COTQ using complementary evaluation approaches. All products are harmonized under a common legend and compared using structural indicators (object-size distributions, shape complexity, Adjusted Rand Index, and Intersection over Union), spectral separability metrics derived from Sentinel-2 reflectance data, and a targeted photo-interpretation of disagreement areas. The analysis is conducted over eight Sentinel-2 tiles selected to represent the main bioclimatic domains of Qu\'ebec, from temperate and boreal forests to northern tundra environments. The results show that the COTQ exhibits structural and spectral characteristics most similar to ESA WorldCover among the reference global products, whil